•Sticky concrete mix due to excessive entrained air, poor aggregate gradation, or excessive fines •Excessive fines brought to the surface due to; high slum, overvibration, overscreeding, excessive bull floating, or improper floating. •Job or climate conditions due to, rapid drying or setting, slow setting of the concrete below the

of the original aquagel in the cell or pore in the concrete. This results in a cellular, lightweight concrete. High carbon ash, recycled aluminum waste and zeolite powders are additional mechanical structures suitable in the production of cellular lightweight concrete. These cells may account for .

Oct 24, 2015· Concrete mixes that were produced for this work contained iron ore, steel mill scale, two types of barite, and steel slag, which are the heavyweight aggregates available in Turkey. An additional heavyweight concrete mixture was also produced using magnetite as a .

Fig. 1. Workers placing and vibrating concrete on a bridge deck including epoxycoated reinforcing steel. (Portland Cement Association) with steel or other highstrength material is known as reinforced concrete. See MORTAR. Production of concrete. The properties of .

mixtures. Eleven concrete mixtures with waterbinder ratios of, and were prepared. In selected specimens with watercement ratio, silica fume, fly ash and slag were used as partial replacement for cement. The replacement content (by weight) was 7% for silica fume, 15% or 25% for fly ash and 25% or 35% for slag.

Hydration products. The products of the reaction between cement and water are termed "hydration products." In concrete (or mortar or other cementitious materials) there are typically four main types: Calcium silicate hydrate: this is the main reaction product and is the main source of concrete strength. It is often abbreviated, using cement chemists' notation, to "CSH," the dashes indicating ...

Aug 03, 2017· Difference Between OPC Cement and PPC Cement The main differences in their characteristics and uses are – Portland Pozzolana Cement is a variation of Ordinary Portland Cement.

BlastFurnace Slag Blast furnace slag is a byproduct of pig iron manufacture. When quenched rapidly with water or air to a glassy state and finely ground, it develops the property of latent hydraulicity. Blast furnace slag has chemical component similar to that of Portland cement. Due to hydraulicity, therefore, its use contributes not

Portland cement has so far been the primary content in the binder of concrete. Therefore, concrete's carbon footprint can be significantly reduced by lowering the amount of cement in the binder, . Materials that are commonly used as cement replacement in concrete are fly ash and slag.

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most common cement used in general concrete construction when there is no exposure to sulphates in the soil or groundwater. Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world, used as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and most nonspeciality grout.

Apr 30, 2016· Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce compaction.

Inconsistent use of admixtures, insufficient mixing time, and improper timing of finishing operations can cause this effect. A yellowish to greenish hue may appear on concrete containing ground slag as a cementitious material. This will disappear with time. Concrete containing ground slag does, however, have a generally lighter color.

Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used for a long time in due to its economy in production of cement. Addition of slag in cement increases the durability properties of concrete and it also reduces the porosity of concrete. (AlOtaibi, 2008). Blast furnace slag, a nonmetallic product consisting of silicates and aluminasilicates of

Aug 31, 2015· Blast furnace cement. For this cement type, the slag as obtained from blast furnace is used. The slag is a waste product in the manufacturing process of pigiron and it contains the basic elements of cement, namely alumina, lime and silica. The clinkers of cement are ground with about 60 to 65 percent of slag.

1. Workability Portland pozzolana cement has spherical cement particles and they have higher fineness value. Due to the spherical shape concrete move more freely and more fineness of particles allows better filling of the pores.

Ground granulated blastfurnace slag is the granular material formed when molten iron blast furnace slag (a byproduct of iron and steel making) is rapidly chilled (quenched) by immersion in water. It is a granular product, highly cementitious in nature and, ground to cement fineness, hydrates like Portland cement.

Apr 11, 2013· Typical concrete density is around 150 lbs/cu ft. Lightweight concrete can weigh as little as 95 lbs/cu ft. Highdensity concretes range from 190 to 260 lbs/cu ft. Even higher densities (≥ 350 lbs/cu ft) can be attained but are rare.